** 04-Jul-2019 ES Futures Market
Profile of the S&P 500 (ES) Futures Market
Learn the Basics of Trading S&P 500 or ES Futures
description of ES futures
By Adam Milton
Updated December 19, 2018
Futures that trade under the symbol ES are based on the S&P 500 stock
index, a benchmark for U.S. stocks. The S&P 500 index is calculated
using the stock prices of 500 large U.S. companies.
ES futures trade on an electronic trading system. If you want to trade
these futures, you'll be able to trade them almost 24 hours per day,
from 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) on Sunday night to 5:00 p.m. Friday
night. There is a trading halt between 4:15 and 4:30 PM ET each day.
The most active ES contract typically has a daily trading volume
between one and two million contracts. This fluctuates with
volatility. As you might expect, volatile days have higher volume, and
low-volatility days are more toward the lower end of the volume range.
Between 2008 and 2017, ES futures typically have had a daily range of
10 points when volatility is low and 40 points or above when
volatility is high.
ES Contract Specifications
Contract specifications are basic things a trader should know about
the futures market they are trading. The contract specifications for
the ES futures market are as follows:
Symbol: ES
Expiration months: March, June, September, and December
Exchange: Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) Globex
Currency: U.S. Dollar
Tick size / Minimum Price Fluctuation: 0.25 points
Tick Value or Profit/Loss Per Tick: $12.50
Ticks Per Point: 4, making each point worth $50 per contract
Knowing the tick and point value is important for controlling risk and
trading the proper futures position size. For example, if you're a day
trader and you're willing to risk $100 per trade, you could buy two
contracts with a stop-loss order one point away from your entry. If
the price hits the stop loss, the loss is kept to $100. Alternatively,
if you only buy one contract and set a two-point stop loss, this
results in the same $100 loss.
The base symbol of the E-mini S&P 500 future is ES, but since there
are multiple expiry dates for each year, the full symbol is
longer. Each expiry month has a code:
March is H
June is M
September is U
December is Z
If trading the March contract, the symbol is ESH, for example, but you
also need to know the year. Take the last digit of the year and add it
to the symbol. In 2015 the symbol is ESH5. In 2017, the March contract
is ESH7. The December 2019 contract is ESZ9.
Some websites and platforms use the last two digits of the year, for
example, ESU16 for the September 2016 contract. See Futures Market
Expiration Dates for more information.
S&P 500 (ES) Holidays
The ES futures market is open for trading every trading day, Sunday
night to Friday, except for the holidays, which can be found here: CME
Holiday Calendar. There are trading hour alterations or closures
around national holidays. There is a national holiday every month
except for April, June, September, and October. Therefore, in all
other months, there is at least one trading day that may be affected
by a holiday.
Trading E-Mini S&P 500 (ES) Futures
The E-mini S&P 500 (ES) futures are some of the most liquid in the
world and are popular among day traders. Because of their popularity,
ES futures can be traded every day, as there is ample volume and
volatility most days to generate a profit.
The couple of hours surrounding the stock market open at 7:30 a.m. ET
has the best price movement and volume and is ideal for day
trading. The last hour of trading, from 3:00 to 4:00 p.m. ET, also
typically sees more price movement and volume compared to middle,
quieter, portion of the day.
Practice an ES day trading strategy before trading with real
capital. There are a number of programs, including NinjaTrader, that
allow traders to download historical market data, and test out trading
strategies whenever they like. This is beneficial for people with
limited time or who want to practice in the evening when the market
isn't open or isn't active. Recall, the best times to day trade are
limited to a few hours each day.
Risk management is paramount for successful ES trading. How much you
start trading with will depend on your strategy and how much you are
willing to risk per trade. It's recommended that traders start day
trading with at least $3,500, and preferably $6,500 to $7,000. To
swing trade ES futures, start with at least $10,000, but ideally more.
E-Mini S&P 500 Margins
Day traders have lower margin requirements than traders who hold
futures positions overnight. Margin is how much the trader must have
in their account to open a futures position. For every ES contract
held overnight, the trader must have $4,950 in their account at the
time the position is opened.
Day traders don't hold positions overnight and are therefore not
subject to this rule. Instead, the broker sets the margin
requirement. Day trading margins start as low as $500 with some
brokers. In other words, to open a one-contract position the trader
only needs $500 in their account. As indicated above, though, starting
with at least $3,500 or more in the account is highly recommended.
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