by NoOneImportant » Sat Nov 01, 2014 11:15 pm
Within the past few days there has erupted a considerable controversy regarding whether the Ebola virus may infect via an infected aerosol being deposited on a common environmental surface, e.g. a door knob via a sneeze. The peer review literature has several examples of proximity, non-contact infection of non-human primates (NHP, monkeys) by other species of infected animals without the benefit of direct bodily fluid contact, or direct physical contact.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23155478
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8551825
While I here state clearly that I am not an epidemiologist, I also state that I am literate and capable of reading detailed research papers regarding the Ebola virus, and its effects. To that end the following veterinary research paper clearly deals with the jeopardy presented by an aerosolized Ebola environment infecting non-human primates (Rhesus Macaque monkeys). The article further presents the potential for weaponizing Ebola in an aerosol form.
Here I quote only from the article's Abstract, but the entire article is of interest and germane to the Ebola discussion. As Gerald has noted elsewhere, when the government may be depended upon to distort the truth, it is left to us to discern what the truth is. The linked article, as it deals with animal research, appears in Veterinary Pathology Online, and is dated 5/3/2013. The linked article is an update of two older article versions. For clarity, and understandability I have taken the liberty, in the quoted item below, of parenthetically giving a brief explanation of each technical biological term found in the quoted passage.
http://vet.sagepub.com/content/50/3/514.full.pdf+html
The authors of: Pathology of Experimental Aerosol Zaire Ebolavirus Infection in Rhesus Macaques, on 5/3/2013, in their Abstract wrote, and conclude:
Abstract
There is limited knowledge of the pathogenesis of human ebolavirus infections and no reported human cases acquired by the aerosol route. There is a threat of ebolavirus as an aerosolized biological weapon, and this study evaluated the pathogenesis of aerosol infection in 18 rhesus macaques. Important and unique findings include early infection of the respiratory lymphoid tissues (within the lymph system, originating in the lungs), early fibrin deposition in the splenic white pulp (early infection of the spleen), and perivasculitis (infecting the covering of blood vessels or lymph vessels) and vasculitis (inflammation of veins, arteries, capillaries, or lymph vessels), in superficial dermal blood vessels (blood vessels of the surface of the skin) of haired skin with rash. Initial infection occurred in the respiratory lymphoid tissues (lungs), fibroblastic reticular cells (cells associated with the formation of collagen, and immune response in the body), dendritic cells (A highly specialized white blood cell found in the skin, mucosa, and lymphoid tissues that initiates a primary immune response by activating lymphocytes), alveolar macrophages (lung cells that reside at the boundary between the body and the outside world, whose function is to clean incoming air, often called dust cells), and blood monocytes (white blood cells crucial to immune response). Virus spread to regional lymph nodes, where significant viral replication occurred. Virus secondarily infected many additional blood monocytes and spread from the respiratory tissues to multiple organs, including the liver and spleen.... ...This study provides unprecedented insights into pathogenesis of human aerosol Zaire ebolavirus infection and suggests development of a medical countermeasure to aerosol infection will be a great challenge due to massive early infection of respiratory lymphoid tissues. Rhesus macaques may be used as a model of aerosol infection that will allow the development of lifesaving medical countermeasures under the Food and Drug Administration’s animal rule.
Other research cited in one of my prior posts -
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1 ... 4778.x/pdf -
noted that ebolavirus remains viable at low temperatures (4 degrees C) for up to 50 days; and remains viable at a 37% reduction on glass/plastic/metal in darkness after 15 hours at ambient temperatures of 20 - 25 decrees C.
Regarding the post infection persistence of the virus. An article in the Journal of Infectious Diseases describes an analysis of 12 recovered ebola patients from a 1995 outbreak in the Congo. The results were stunning:
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/1 ... /S170.long
In the Journal of Infectious Diseases the authors of: Persistence and Genetic Stability of Ebola Virus during the Outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995 wrote:
Abstract
Ebola virus persistence was examined in body fluids from 12 convalescent patients by virus isolation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) during the 1995 Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Virus RNA could be detected for up to 33 days in vaginal, rectal, and conjunctival swabs of 1 patient and up to 101 days in the seminal fluid of 4 patients. Infectious virus was detected in 1 seminal fluid sample obtained 82 days after disease onset.
The above quotes come directly from research papers evaluating the Zaire ebolavirus, there is no editing, there is no extrapolation -- the words come directly from the researcher's mouth, if you will. I have been more than just a bit critical in this forum of the Obama regime's competency and more importantly of its self serving dishonesty (lying). Lies are lies whether they pertain to unemployment figures, economic figures, politically motivated scandals, and most importantly medical infection rates, medical treatment, and medical risk. The willingness to distort objective raw data, to intentionally distort and mislead to obtain overt political gain boarders upon, IMO, the criminal. If you want un-jaded answers look to the researchers, its slow reading but as accurate as they see it.
Within the past few days there has erupted a considerable controversy regarding whether the Ebola virus may infect via an infected aerosol being deposited on a common environmental surface, e.g. a door knob via a sneeze. The peer review literature has several examples of proximity, non-contact infection of non-human primates (NHP, monkeys) by other species of infected animals without the benefit of direct bodily fluid contact, or direct physical contact.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23155478
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8551825
While I here state clearly that I am not an epidemiologist, I also state that I am literate and capable of reading detailed research papers regarding the Ebola virus, and its effects. To that end the following veterinary research paper clearly deals with the jeopardy presented by an aerosolized Ebola environment infecting non-human primates (Rhesus Macaque monkeys). The article further presents the potential for weaponizing Ebola in an aerosol form.
Here I quote only from the article's Abstract, but the entire article is of interest and germane to the Ebola discussion. As Gerald has noted elsewhere, when the government may be depended upon to distort the truth, it is left to us to discern what the truth is. The linked article, as it deals with animal research, appears in Veterinary Pathology Online, and is dated 5/3/2013. The linked article is an update of two older article versions. For clarity, and understandability I have taken the liberty, in the quoted item below, of parenthetically giving a brief explanation of each technical biological term found in the quoted passage.
http://vet.sagepub.com/content/50/3/514.full.pdf+html
The authors of: Pathology of Experimental Aerosol Zaire Ebolavirus Infection in Rhesus Macaques, on 5/3/2013, in their Abstract wrote, and conclude:
[quote]Abstract
There is limited knowledge of the pathogenesis of human ebolavirus infections and no reported human cases acquired by the aerosol route. There is a threat of ebolavirus as an aerosolized biological weapon, and this study evaluated the pathogenesis of aerosol infection in 18 rhesus macaques. Important and unique findings include early infection of the respiratory lymphoid tissues (within the lymph system, originating in the lungs), early fibrin deposition in the splenic white pulp (early infection of the spleen), and perivasculitis (infecting the covering of blood vessels or lymph vessels) and vasculitis (inflammation of veins, arteries, capillaries, or lymph vessels), in superficial dermal blood vessels (blood vessels of the surface of the skin) of haired skin with rash. Initial infection occurred in the respiratory lymphoid tissues (lungs), fibroblastic reticular cells (cells associated with the formation of collagen, and immune response in the body), dendritic cells (A highly specialized white blood cell found in the skin, mucosa, and lymphoid tissues that initiates a primary immune response by activating lymphocytes), alveolar macrophages (lung cells that reside at the boundary between the body and the outside world, whose function is to clean incoming air, often called dust cells), and blood monocytes (white blood cells crucial to immune response). Virus spread to regional lymph nodes, where significant viral replication occurred. Virus secondarily infected many additional blood monocytes and spread from the respiratory tissues to multiple organs, including the liver and spleen.... ...This study provides unprecedented insights into pathogenesis of human aerosol Zaire ebolavirus infection and suggests development of a medical countermeasure to aerosol infection will be a great challenge due to massive early infection of respiratory lymphoid tissues. Rhesus macaques may be used as a model of aerosol infection that will allow the development of lifesaving medical countermeasures under the Food and Drug Administration’s animal rule. [/quote]
Other research cited in one of my prior posts - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04778.x/pdf -
noted that ebolavirus remains viable at low temperatures (4 degrees C) for up to 50 days; and remains viable at a 37% reduction on glass/plastic/metal in darkness after 15 hours at ambient temperatures of 20 - 25 decrees C.
Regarding the post infection persistence of the virus. An article in the Journal of Infectious Diseases describes an analysis of 12 recovered ebola patients from a 1995 outbreak in the Congo. The results were stunning: http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/S170.long
In the Journal of Infectious Diseases the authors of: Persistence and Genetic Stability of Ebola Virus during the Outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995 wrote:
[quote]Abstract
Ebola virus persistence was examined in body fluids from 12 convalescent patients by virus isolation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) during the 1995 Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Virus RNA could be detected for up to 33 days in vaginal, rectal, and conjunctival swabs of 1 patient and up to 101 days in the seminal fluid of 4 patients. Infectious virus was detected in 1 seminal fluid sample obtained 82 days after disease onset. [/quote]
The above quotes come directly from research papers evaluating the Zaire ebolavirus, there is no editing, there is no extrapolation -- the words come directly from the researcher's mouth, if you will. I have been more than just a bit critical in this forum of the Obama regime's competency and more importantly of its self serving dishonesty (lying). Lies are lies whether they pertain to unemployment figures, economic figures, politically motivated scandals, and most importantly medical infection rates, medical treatment, and medical risk. The willingness to distort objective raw data, to intentionally distort and mislead to obtain overt political gain boarders upon, IMO, the criminal. If you want un-jaded answers look to the researchers, its slow reading but as accurate as they see it.